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Egypt legal guides

In-depth, plain-English guides to Egyptian law — company setup, visas, tenancy agreements, taxes, severance pay, traffic rules, and much more. Every guide draws on the official legal texts and cites the article numbers you can check against the Official Gazette.

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Egypt Consumer Rights: Property & Services Guide
Egypt's Consumer Protection Law extends beyond everyday retail purchases to cover real estate transactions, home services, and installment sales — areas where expats frequently encounter disputes. Law No. 181 of 2018 sets out specific rules for property advertising, service…

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How to File a Consumer Complaint in Egypt: A Guide for Expats

Egypt's Consumer Protection Agency (CPA) is the government body responsible for enforcing Law No. 181 of 2018 and protecting consumers from unfair business practices. For expats in Egypt, knowing how to escalate a complaint when a supplier refuses to cooperate can be the…

Egypt Shopping Laws: What Suppliers Must Tell You Before You Buy

Egypt's Consumer Protection Law places significant obligations on businesses and suppliers to be transparent with consumers about pricing, product information, and documentation. For expats navigating Egyptian markets, supermarkets, and service providers, knowing what sellers are…

Egypt Consumer Rights: Returns and Refunds

Egypt's Consumer Protection Law (Law No. 181 of 2018) gives expats and residents strong legal rights when shopping, whether in physical stores or online. Understanding these rights can save you money and frustration when products don't meet expectations. This guide breaks down…

Egypt Business Law: Commercial vs Civil Code

One of the most important — and frequently misunderstood — aspects of doing business in Egypt is knowing which legal framework applies to your transactions and disputes. Egypt's Commercial Code (Law No. 17 of 1999) establishes a clear hierarchy of governing rules for commercial…

Egypt Business Bookkeeping: Legal Requirements

Egyptian commercial law imposes strict bookkeeping and record-keeping obligations on traders operating in Egypt. Under Law No. 17 of 1999, any trader whose capital invested in trade exceeds twenty thousand Egyptian pounds must maintain proper commercial books. For expats running…

Can Expats Trade in Egypt? Legal Rules

Egypt's Commercial Code (Law No. 17 of 1999) sets out specific rules about who has the legal capacity to engage in trade — including foreign nationals living in Egypt. Understanding these rules is critical for expats who want to start a business, work as a commercial agent, or…

Commercial Acts in Egypt: Expat Business Guide

If you are an expat considering starting a business or engaging in trade in Egypt, understanding what legally qualifies as a 'commercial act' is essential. Egypt's Commercial Code (Law No. 17 of 1999) sets out clear definitions that determine whether Egyptian commercial law…

Egypt Company Compliance Guide for Expats

Once your company is registered in Egypt, ongoing legal compliance is not optional — it is a continuous obligation under Egyptian Companies Law No. 159 of 1981. From mandatory disclosures on company documents to rules around modifying company statutes and managing founder…

Starting an LLC in Egypt: What Expats Need to Know

The Limited Liability Company (LLC) is the most accessible and widely used business structure for expats in Egypt, offering a balance of simplicity, cost-efficiency, and personal liability protection. Governed by Egyptian Companies Law No. 159 of 1981, the LLC structure limits…

How to Found a Company in Egypt: Step-by-Step Guide for Expats

Establishing a legally recognized company in Egypt involves a structured series of steps governed by Egyptian Companies Law No. 159 of 1981. From drafting the founding act to depositing capital and registering with Egyptian authorities, each stage carries specific legal…

Types of Companies in Egypt: A Complete Guide for Expats

If you are an expat looking to start a business in Egypt, understanding the different legal company structures available under Egyptian Companies Law (Law No. 159 of 1981) is your essential first step. Egypt recognizes several distinct company types, each with unique rules around…

How to Resolve Labour Disputes in Egypt

Egypt's Labour Law No. 14 of 2025 introduces a fundamentally reformed dispute resolution system, including dedicated specialised labour courts that begin operating in October 2025. For expats, understanding how to navigate workplace disputes — from unpaid wages to unfair…

Egypt Workplace Discrimination Laws for Expats

Egypt's Labour Law No. 14 of 2025 introduces some of the strongest statutory protections against workplace discrimination and harassment that the country has ever enacted. For expats, these provisions are directly relevant: the law explicitly prohibits unequal treatment on…

Marriage, Inheritance, and Family Law in Egypt: Expat Legal Guide

For expats living in Egypt, questions about marriage, divorce, inheritance, and family legal status are among the most important — and most complex — areas of the law. The Egyptian Civil Code contains specific rules about which country's law governs these matters for foreign…

Egyptian Contract Law: Expat Guide

Whether you are renting a home, hiring staff, or entering a business partnership in Egypt, understanding how Egyptian contract law works is essential. The Egyptian Civil Code sets out clear rules about which law governs contracts, how obligations arise, and what happens when…

Egypt Civil Law Basics: What Every Expat Needs to Know

Egypt's Civil Code (Law No. 131 of 1948) is the foundational legal framework governing everyday transactions, contracts, property rights, and personal relationships for everyone living in Egypt — including foreign nationals. Understanding how this law works can save expats from…

Egypt Labour Law 2025: Expat Employment Guide

Egypt's Labour Law No. 14 of 2025 contains a detailed framework covering vocational training, employment services, and protections for informal workers — areas that affect a significant number of expats and foreign professionals working in Egypt. Whether you are undertaking…

Egypt Employment Contracts: Worker Rights Guide

Understanding your employment contract is one of the most important steps you can take as an expat working in Egypt. Egypt's Labour Law No. 14 of 2025 sets out clear rules about contractual rights, what employers can and cannot include in agreements, and how workers are protected…

Egypt Labour Law 2025: Complete Guide for Expats Working in Egypt

Egypt's new Labour Law No. 14 of 2025 replaces the previous Labour Law No. 12 of 2003 and introduces significant updates affecting both Egyptian and foreign workers employed in the country. As an expat working in Egypt, understanding your rights and obligations under this…

Egypt Civil Code: Contracts & Property Rights

Egypt's Civil Code lays down essential rules governing how contracts are formed, which law applies to obligations, and how property rights in real estate and movable assets are determined. For expats living, working, or investing in Egypt, these rules directly affect the…

Legal Personality and Civil Rights in Egypt

Egypt's Civil Code establishes when a person acquires legal rights, how those rights are proven, and when they end. For expats in Egypt, understanding the concept of legal personality is foundational — it underpins your ability to own property, sign contracts, bring lawsuits, and…

Which Law Applies to Expats in Egypt

One of the most confusing legal questions for expats in Egypt is determining which country's law governs their personal status, contracts, property, and family matters. Egypt's Civil Code contains detailed conflict-of-laws rules that determine exactly this. Whether you are…

How Egyptian Courts Decide Cases Without Laws

Egypt's Civil Code (Law No. 131 of 1948) establishes a clear hierarchy of legal sources that judges must follow when resolving disputes. For expats living or doing business in Egypt, understanding this hierarchy is essential — it affects everything from contract enforcement to…

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