In-depth, plain-English guides to Egyptian law — company setup, visas, tenancy agreements, taxes, severance pay, traffic rules, and much more. Every guide draws on the official legal texts and cites the article numbers you can check against the Official Gazette.
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Egypt's Commercial Code sets out clear rules about who legally qualifies as a trader — and those rules apply to foreign nationals just as they do to Egyptian citizens. Whether you are an expat entrepreneur, a foreign company representative, or someone running a side business in…
The Egyptian Commercial Code (Law No. 17 of 1999) is the foundational law governing all business and trading activity in Egypt. For expats setting up a company, entering commercial contracts, or simply operating a business in the country, understanding how this law works — and…
One of the most misunderstood aspects of starting a business in Egypt is the personal legal exposure that founders carry during the company formation period. Law No. 159 of 1981 imposes significant joint liability on founders for actions taken before and during company…
One of the most important — and frequently misunderstood — aspects of doing business in Egypt is knowing which legal framework applies to your transactions and disputes. Egypt's Commercial Code (Law No. 17 of 1999) establishes a clear hierarchy of governing rules for commercial…
Egyptian commercial law imposes strict bookkeeping and record-keeping obligations on traders operating in Egypt. Under Law No. 17 of 1999, any trader whose capital invested in trade exceeds twenty thousand Egyptian pounds must maintain proper commercial books. For expats running…
Egypt's Commercial Code (Law No. 17 of 1999) sets out specific rules about who has the legal capacity to engage in trade — including foreign nationals living in Egypt. Understanding these rules is critical for expats who want to start a business, work as a commercial agent, or…
If you are an expat considering starting a business or engaging in trade in Egypt, understanding what legally qualifies as a 'commercial act' is essential. Egypt's Commercial Code (Law No. 17 of 1999) sets out clear definitions that determine whether Egyptian commercial law…
Once your company is registered in Egypt, ongoing legal compliance is not optional — it is a continuous obligation under Egyptian Companies Law No. 159 of 1981. From mandatory disclosures on company documents to rules around modifying company statutes and managing founder…
The Limited Liability Company (LLC) is the most accessible and widely used business structure for expats in Egypt, offering a balance of simplicity, cost-efficiency, and personal liability protection. Governed by Egyptian Companies Law No. 159 of 1981, the LLC structure limits…
Establishing a legally recognized company in Egypt involves a structured series of steps governed by Egyptian Companies Law No. 159 of 1981. From drafting the founding act to depositing capital and registering with Egyptian authorities, each stage carries specific legal…
If you are an expat looking to start a business in Egypt, understanding the different legal company structures available under Egyptian Companies Law (Law No. 159 of 1981) is your essential first step. Egypt recognizes several distinct company types, each with unique rules around…
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