The core rule is plain: any fault that causes harm to another obliges the wrongdoer to compensate (art. 163), and a person is liable for his unlawful acts when committed while of discerning mind (art. 164).
The wrongdoer may escape liability if he proves the harm arose from an external cause beyond his control — such as a sudden accident, force majeure, the victim’s own fault, or a third party’s fault (art. 165).
As for the amount, the judge assesses it under arts. 221 and 222, taking account of the surrounding circumstances (art. 170), sets the method according to circumstances, possibly in money, and may, at the victim’s request, order restoration to the prior state (art. 171). On emotional harm, compensation also covers moral (non-material) damage (art. 222).
On timing: the claim lapses three years from the day you knew of the act and of the person responsible, and in any case fifteen years from the day the unlawful act occurred (art. 172).
This is general legal information, not legal advice. For advice on your specific situation, consult a lawyer licensed in Egypt.