Egyptian law draws an important distinction between lawful and abusive exercise of rights. Under Article 4 of the Egyptian Civil Code, if you exercise a right lawfully, you are generally not liable for any harm that results. For example, constructing a building on your own land that blocks a neighbour's view would not normally create liability if done within legal limits.
However, Article 5 specifies that exercising a right becomes unlawful in three circumstances: (1) if your sole purpose is to harm others with no legitimate benefit to yourself; (2) if the benefit you gain is disproportionately small compared to the serious harm caused to others; or (3) if the harm caused is severe and the benefit could have been achieved through a less harmful alternative. This is known in Egyptian law as the doctrine of abuse of rights (التعسف في استعمال الحق).
As a practical example, an expat landlord who deliberately withholds essential maintenance solely to pressure a tenant out of a property could be found to be abusing their right of ownership. If an Egyptian court finds you have abused your rights, you can be ordered to pay compensation for resulting damages. When taking any action that may affect others — neighbours, business partners, employees — consider whether your actions have a legitimate, proportionate purpose to avoid liability.
This is general legal information, not legal advice. For advice on your specific situation, consult a lawyer licensed in Egypt.