The minimum number of founders depends on the type of company you wish to establish. Under Article 13 of Egypt's Companies Law No. 159 of 1981, a Joint Stock Company requires at least three founders, while other company types covered by the law — including Limited Liability Companies — require a minimum of two founders.
Importantly, Article 12 defines a 'founder' broadly as anyone who effectively participates in the foundation of the company with the intention of taking on responsibilities arising from that process. This means that even a foreign national who actively participates in setting up the company will be legally regarded as a founder and bound by the corresponding obligations.
If the number of founders falls below the required minimum after the company is established — for example, due to a partner leaving — Article 13 provides a grace period during which the situation must be remedied before the company faces potential dissolution. It is advisable to plan your founding team carefully before beginning the registration process.
This is general legal information, not legal advice. For advice on your specific situation, consult a lawyer licensed in Egypt.